วันจันทร์ที่ 5 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554

Chapter: 2

Objective Facts:
Example: 

Eiffel Tower History


The Eiffel Tower was built for the International Exhibition of Paris of 1889 commemorating the centenary of the French Revolution. The Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII of England, opened the tower. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, Gustave Eiffel's was unanimously chosen. However it was not accepted by all at first, and a petition of 300 names - including those of Maupassant, Emile Zola, Charles Garnier (architect of the Opéra Garnier), and Dumas the Younger - protested its construction.
At 300 meters (320.75 m including antenna), and 7,000 tons, it was the world's tallest building until 1930. Other statistics include:
  • 2.5 million rivets
  • 300 steel workers, and 2 years (1887-1889) to construct it.
  • Sway of at most 12 cm in high winds.
  • Height varies up to 15 cm depending on temperature.
  • 15,000 iron pieces (excluding rivets). 40 tons of paint. 1652 steps to the top.
In 1889Gustave Eiffel began to fit the peak of the tower as an observation station to measure the speed of wind. He also encouraged several scientific experiments including Foucault's giant pendulum, a mercury barometer and the first experiment of radio transmission. In 1898, Eugene Ducretet at the Pantheon, received signals from the tower.

According to NASA climate scientist Jay Zwally, the 'Arctic is the canary in the coal mine.' What do you think would happen to the Eiffel Tower due to global warming?Please send your thoughts to our Webmaster! ... and do not be surprised if these are published on our Web site.

After Gustave Eiffel experiments in the field of meterology, he begun to look at the effects of wind and air resistance, the science that would later be termed aerodynamics, which has become a large part of both military and commercial aviation as well as rocket technology. Gustave Eiffel imagined an automatic device sliding along a cable that was stretched between the ground and the second floor of the Eiffel Tower. (reference)
The tower was almost torn down in 1909, but was saved because of its antenna used both for military and other purposes, and the city let it stand after the permit expired. When the tower played an important role in capturing the infamous spy Mata Hariduring World War I, it gained such importance to the French people that there was no more thought of demolishing it.- used for telegraphy at that time.
From 1910 and on the Eiffel Tower became part of the International Time Service. French radio (since 1918), and French television (since 1957) have also made use of its stature.
During its lifetime, the Eiffel Tower has also witnessed a few strange scenes, including being scaled by a mountaineer in 1954, and parachuted off of in 1984 by two Englishmen. In 1923 a journalist rode a bicycle down from the first level. Some accounts say he rode down the stairs, other accounts suggest the exterior of one of the tower's four legs which slope outward. (reference)
Eiffel tower legend
Of the 7.5 million kilowatt hours of electricity used annually, 580 thousand are used exclusively to illuminate the tower. The tower's annual operation also requires the use of 2 tons of paper for tickets, 4 tons of rag or paper wipes, 10,000 applications of detergents, 400 liters of metal cleansers and 25,000 garbage bags. (reference)
On the four facades of the tower, the 72 surnames of leading turn-of-the-century French scientists and engineers are engraved in recognition of their contributions to science. This engraving was over painted at the beginning of the 20th century and restored in 1986-1987 by the Société Nouvelle d' Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, a company contracted to operate business related to the Tower.

Source:
http://corrosion-doctors.org/Landmarks/eiffel-history.htm

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Subjective Opinion:
Example:



Top 10 best movies queotes



Image of Bruce Willis
1.
Bruce Willis
Bruce Willis grew up mainly in Penns Grove, New Jersey, and graduated from high school there before going to New York to become an actor. He waited tables and tended bar for a living until he began to get roles in plays. While tending bar one night he was seen by a casting director who liked his personality and needed a bartender for a small movie role.
“ "Yippie kay-yay, motherf--ker."

Die Hard (1988) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Al Pacino
2.
Al Pacino
One of the greatest actors in all of film history, Al Pacino established himself during one of film's greatest decades, the 1970s, and has become an enduring and iconic figure in the world of American movies. Born on April 25, 1940, in the Bronx, New York, Pacino's parents (Salvatore and Rose) divorced when he was young...
“ "Say 'hello' to my little friend!"

Scarface (1983) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Heath Ledger
3.
Heath Ledger
When a young, hunky 20 year old heart-throb Heath Ledger first came to the attention of the public in 1999, it was all too easy to tag him as a "pretty boy" and an actor of not much depth. He has spent the past five years trying desperately to sway this image away, but this has indeed been a double-edged sword...
“ 'Why so serious?

The Dark Knight (2008) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Hanna Hall
4.
“ "Run, Forrest, run. Run, Forrest!"

Forrest Gump (1994) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Kevin Spacey
5.
Kevin Spacey
As enigmatic as he is talented, Kevin Spacey has always kept the details of his private life closely guarded. As he explained in a 1998 interview with the London Evening Standard, "It's not that I want to create some bullshit mystique by maintaining a silence about my personal life, it is just that the less you know about me...
“ "The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world he didn't exist. And like that - he's gone."

The Usual Suspects (1995) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Arnold Schwarzenegger
6.
Arnold Schwarzenegger
With an almost unpronounceable surname and a thick German accent, who would have ever believed that a brash, quick talking bodybuilder from a small European village would become one of Hollywood's biggest stars, marry into the prestigious Kennedy family, amass a fortune via shrewd investments and one day be the Governor of California...
“ "I'll be back"

The Terminator (1984) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Cuba Gooding Jr.
7.
Cuba Gooding Jr.
Cuba Gooding Jr. was born on January 2, 1968, in The Bronx, New York. His father, Cuba Gooding, was the lead vocalist for the R&B group The Main Ingredient, which had a hit with the song "Everybody Plays The Fool". His mother, Shirley, was a backup singer for The Sweethearts. His father moved the family to Los Angeles in 1972...
“ "Show me the money!"

Jerry Maguire (1996) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of James Earl Jones
8.
James Earl Jones
James Earl Jones was born in 1931 in Arkabutla, Mississippi, USA. At an early age he started to take dramatic lessons to calm himself down. It appeared to work as he has since starred in many films over a 40-year period, beginning with the Stanley Kubrick classic Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. Probably best known for his role as Darth Vader (for the voice only...
“ "I am your father."

Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of Gerard Butler
9.
Gerard Butler
Actor, 300
Born in Paisley, Scotland, to Margaret and Edward Butler, Gerard Butler was raised along with his older brother and sister in his hometown of Paisley, Scotland. He also spent some of his youth in Canada. His parents divorced when he was a child, and he and his siblings were raised primarily by their mother...
“ This is where we hold them! This is where we fight! This is where they die!

300 (2006) ” - catojune-1
 
Image of William Fichtner
10.
William Fichtner
A small-town guy with a big heart, William Fichtner has been captivating the hearts of Western New Yorkers for decades. Bill was born in 1956 on Long Island, New York, raised in Cheektowaga, and graduated from Maryvale High School in 1974. His first roles were in soap operas such as As the World Turns and sitcoms like Grace Under Fire...

Reference:
 

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